Atherosclerosis
Stroke
A "neurological deficit of cerebrovascular cause that persists beyond 24 hours or is interrupted by death within 24 hours“
There are two main categories of strokes : Ischemic and Hemorrhagic.
The infarct volume of each group 24hr after MCAO.
The volume was greatly decreased in rats treated with pure compounds extract from AR101.
The infarct volume of each group 24hr after MCAO. The volume was greatly decreased in rats treated with pure compounds extract from AR101.
Active compounds were verified by animal study.
Coronal Section of Brain
Vehicle
Paralysis
single side
(24hr)
AR101
Walking
improved
(24hr)
Cardiovascular disease
It is caused by atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries. Relevant risk factors include age (men over 45 years old, women over 55 years old), family history, smoking, high blood sugar, high blood pressure, obesity, and dyslipidemia.
Arjil drugs significantly decrease Coronary artery
Arjil drugs significantly decreased aortic lesions induced by high-fat diet
Peripheral Artery Disease
Peripheral Artery Disease Including all atherosclerotic diseases except for heart disease, such as carotid artery, renal artery, peripheral artery, and aortic diseases.
Arjil drugs attenuated the aortic lesions in high-fat diet-fed rabbits
Experimental Animals
• Normal diet (ND) n=5
• High Fat diet (HFD) n=6
• HFD ＋Lovastatin (L) n=4
• HFD ＋ARH003 extracts n=5
• HFD ＋ ARH004 extracts n=5
• HFD ＋ AR101-DS1 Pure compound n=5
Drug Efficacy Testing in an Atherosclerosis Cell Model
These findings indicated that AR100-RA1-Cys holds potential as a valuable treatment option for cell Atherosclerosis Model.
Raw data
Oil red area
Cell area
Oil red expression%= Oil red area/total cell area x 100
Data are presented as the mean ± SD. *:p-value<0.05, **: p-value<0.01(unpaired t-test was used for the comparison)
Animal model of Atherosclerosis
Murine aortic atherosclerotic plaques H&E and Masson Trichome staining
Fibrous Plaque
-
Multiple layers of foam cells
-
Pathological intimal thickening and disorganized arrangement of smooth muscle in the vascular intima
-
Increased collagen fibers at the plaque site.
Fibrous Plaque
-
Multiple layers of foam cells
-
Pathological intimal thickening and disorganized arrangement of smooth muscle in the vascular intima
-
Increased collagen fibers at the plaque site.
Fibrous Plaque
-
Multiple layers of foam cells
-
Pathological intimal thickening and disorganized arrangement of smooth muscle in the vascular intima
-
Increased collagen fibers at the plaque site.
Infiltrating macrophage-derived foam cells are present in the intima.
The initial state of foam cell formation.
Fibrous plaques are present.
Alleviating effects of botanical extracts OAK in the blood of HFD-fed ApoE knockout mice.
Normal diet control
High-fat diet treatment
High-fat diet + low-dose
Arjil herbal medicine treatment
High-fat diet + high-dose
Arjil herbal medicine treatment
Blood smear
Centrifuged plasma
Dyslipidemia
Data from Nutrients 2023, Volume 15, Issue 18, 4074 (SCI 2022 IF: 5.9; NUTRITION & DIETETICS - SCIE: 17/88 = 19.31 % (Q1))
Normal diet contro
High-fat diet treatment
High-fat diet + low-doseArjil herbal medicine treatment
High-fat diet + high-doseArjil herbal medicine treatment
Arterial vessel
appearance of ApoE-deficient mice
Arterial tissue cross-section of ApoE-deficient mice + Cholesterol staining
Figure 9. Schematic action of phytochemicals OAK alleviate HFD-induced cardiovascular dysfunction in high-fat diet-treated ApoE knockout mice by attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation.
Nutrients 2023, Volume 15, Issue 18, 4074. (SCI 2022 IF: 5.9; NUTRITION & DIETETICS - SCIE: 17/88 = 19.31 % (Q1))
Fibrinolysis
Here’s a visual overview of fibrinolysis, the process of breaking down clots:
Pure compound 1 mg
D-dimer:
D-dimer is a dimer that is a fibrin degradation product (FDP), a small protein fragment present in the blood after a blood clot is degraded by fibrinolysis. It is so named because it contains two D fragments of the fibrin protein joined by a cross-link, hence forming a protein dimer.
Alzheimer’s disease
Alzheimer's disease is a slowly progressive neurodegenerative disorder that worsens over time, accounting for 60% to 70% of dementia cases.
Delay and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease
Neurogenesis
BrdU (50 mg/kg/day) : mice will be injected (i.p.) for 7 days (start at 106th day after administration
Delay and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease
The significant difference showed between the vehicle and the ARJIL.
Score & weight shredded in Nesting Behavior
ARJIL administration improved the impairment of nesting behavior in APP/PS1 mice without increasing material usage.
Learning trial in Morris Water Maze test
The significant differences show at 3rd, 5th, and the last day’s training.
ARJIL administration improved the performance of water maze in APP/PS1 mice.
Reduces the amyloid plaques in Alzheimer’s mice
Reduces the inflammation in brain cells of Alzheimer’s mice
