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Autoimmune, Immune, Inflammation & allergy
Inflammation is a biological response of body’s immune system to injuries and foreign organisms that enter the body. Body's white blood cells quickly react to the damaged area and fix the problem.
An autoimmune disease is a condition that your immune system mistakenly attacks your body, it can affect many parts of body.
Atopic dermatitis
Atopic dermatitis (eczema) is a condition that makes skin red and itchy. It's common in children but can occur at any age. Atopic dermatitis is long lasting (chronic) and tends to flare periodically. It may be accompanied by asthma or hay fever.
異位性皮膚炎
Contact dermatitis or eczema
Contact dermatitis is caused by direct contact with a substance or an allergic that irritates your skin or triggers an allergic reaction. Signs and symptoms of contact dermatitis include: a red rash, itching, dry, cracked, scaly skin, bumps and blisters, swelling, burning or tenderness.
接觸性皮膚炎及濕疹
Main Types and Symptoms of Eczema
Psoriasis
This autoimmune disorder occurs when immune cells attack healthy skin cells in both the nonvascular horny outer layer of the skin and its deeper vascular.
乾癬
Pathophysiology of Psoriatic Skin versus Normal Skin
About 90% of psoriasis are Psoriasis vulgaris, the chronic Plaque-type psoriasis
The classical clinical manifestations are sharply demarcated, erythematous, pruritic plaques covered in silvery scales. Up to 30% may develop Psoriatic Arthritis
Asthma
Asthma is a common long-term inflammatory disease of the airways of the lungs. It is characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction, and easily triggered bronchospasms. Symptoms include episodes of wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath.
氣喘
AR Drug could suppress mast cell degranulation in a dose-dependent manner
AR Drug could suppress TNF-α secretion by dendritic cells in a dose-dependent manner
Allergy rhinitis
Allergic rhinitis is triggered by allergens. Allergens can be found both outdoors and indoors. When allergic rhinitis is caused by outdoor allergens, e.g., mould or trees, grass and weed pollens.
Arjil drug against Allergic Rhinitis
過敏性鼻炎
Rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid Arthritis is a chronic systemic disease that affects the joints, connective tissues, muscle, tendons, and fibrous tissue is a chronic disabling condition often causing pain and deformity. JAK inhibitors blocking the messaging pathway can calms down immune system and helps ease the RA symptoms.
類風溼性關節炎
Gout
Gout is a form of inflammatory arthritis characterized by recurrent attacks of a red, tender, hot, and swollen joint. Recent clinical trials with IL-1β blockade have revealed an impressive and sustained reduction in recurrent attacks of gouty arthritis.
痛風
AR100-DS1 significantly decrease the factors cytokine in Rheumatoid Arthritis:IL-17A, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 , IL-6, IL-10, IL-4, IL-13 and TNF-a
Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis is the most common chronic (long-lasting) joint condition, which is caused by joint damage. This is why age is one of the main causes of the osteoarthritis. The older you are, the more wear and tear you’ve had on your joints. Other causes of joint damage include past injury, such as: torn cartilage, dislocated joints and ligament injuries.
骨關節炎Osteoarthritis
Gout is a chronic disease caused by monosodium urate (MSU) crystal deposition. Gout typically presents as an acute, self-limiting inflammatory mono arthritis that affects the joints of the lower limb.
Seborrheic dermatitis
Seborrheic dermatitis also called dandruff is a common skin disease that cause redness on light skin and light patches on darker skin.
脂漏性皮膚炎Seborrheic dermatitis
The pathogenesis of seborrheic dermatitis has not been fully elucidated. IFN-γ is a cytokine whose secretion might affect the condition of the skin in seborrheic dermatitis. Seborrheic dermatitis is also called dandruff, cradle cap, seborrheic eczema, seborrhea, and seborrheic psoriasis that causes an itchy rash with flaky scales.
Postepy Hig Med Dosw (Online). 2012 Nov 14;66:848-54.
Seborrheic dermatitis, dandruff is much more common, and affects approximately 50% of the general adult population worldwide. In USA people spend $300M/year on over-the-counter products for treatment.
Psoriasis arthritis
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is an immune-mediated, systemic inflammatory disorder, results in the manifestations and sequelae of psoriatic arthritis (PsA), including synovial and skin inflammation and proliferation, and damage to cartilage, bone and intestinal tissue.
乾癬性關節炎
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is an immune-mediated, systemic inflammatory disorder.
The propagation of further pro-inflammatory mediators results in the manifestations and sequelae of psoriatic arthritis (PsA), including synovial and skin inflammation and proliferation, and damage to cartilage, bone and intestinal tissue. ECM, etracellular matrix; PMN, polymorphonuclear neutrophils.
Poison ivy
Poison ivy is one of the allergic contact dermatitis caused by the Toxicodendron (formerly Rhus) species. The weeping, itchy rash caused by poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac is the single most common allergic contact dermatitis in North America.
毒漆藤皮膚炎Poison ivy
A misguided individual has touched a poison ivy plant
(1), which contains the urushiol. Urushiol molecules penetrate the keratinocyte layer and bind covalently to reactive groups
(2). The presence of the neo-antigen induces skin cells to release numerous cytokines and chemokines
(3) that draw leukocytes from the circulation
(4) into the affected area where they activate macrophages to secrete IFNγ
(5). Neo-antigen shed by skin cells
(6) is taken up by Langerhans cells (LCs), and peptides derived from it are cross-presented to memory Tc cells that were generated during the sensitization stage. CTL effectors are generated that use their mechanisms of cytotoxicity to damage skin cells displaying neo-antigen-derived pMHCs
(7). CTLs also secrete IFNγ that stimulates the degranulation of activated basophils and mast cells
(8), which release additional damaging mediators that perpetuate local inflammation.
Sjogren’ syndrome
Sjogren's syndrome is a disorder of your immune system identified by its two most common symptoms — dry eyes and a dry mouth.
The condition often accompanies other immune system disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus.
乾燥症
Sjogren's syndrome is a complex autoimmune rheumatic disease, with a female-to-male predominance of 9:1. The immune system attacks and destroy the exocrine glands by mistake. In Sjogren's syndrome, it attacks the glands that make tears and saliva. The typical characteristic of the disease is exocrinopathy, which often results in dryness of the mouth and eyes, fatigue, and joint pain.
Salivary glands are the target organ of primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS), an autoimmune epithelitis, and epithelial cells have an active role in the pathogenesis of this disease.
Ulcerative colitis
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a long-term condition that results in inflammation and ulcers of the colon and rectum. The primary symptoms of active disease are abdominal pain and diarrhea mixed with blood. Weight loss, fever, and anemia may also occur.
潰瘍性結腸炎Ulcerative colitis
Overview of the intestinal immune system in the healthy state and for ulcerative colitis with a focus on proven and promising therapeutic targets
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) resulting from a complex interplay between environmental, genetic and microbial factors, and dysregulated immune response. Those factors leading to chronic intestinal inflammation of the colon
and causes long-lasting inflammation and ulcers (sores) in digestive tract.
克隆氏症Crohn's disease
Mechanisms underlying carcinogenesis in ulcerative colitis. Ulcerative colitis is characterized by an increased number of immune cells in the mucosa.
The inflammation is dominated by accumulation of large numbers of phagocytic cells, especially neutrophils, and to a lesser degree macrophages.
Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a condition that can affect the brain and spinal cord, causing a wide range of potential symptoms, including problems with vision, arm or leg movement, sensation or balance.
多發性硬化症Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a heterogeneous disease of the central nervous system. The disease develops as an interplay between the immune system and environmental that leads to physical and cognitive disability.
Autoimmune hepatitis
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a complex disease which is characterized by hepatocellular inflammation, necrosis, and a tendency to cirrhosis.
自體免疫性肝炎
Effects of AR drug(2019-0321-1) on GOT, GPT and body weight. (A) Serum GOT and (B) serum GPT (A) Serum GOT and (B) serum GPT 24 h after 15 mg/kg Con A challenge. (C) body weight before and after 15 mg/kg Con A challenge. Data are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 9). * p < 0.05 versus Veh by the Student’s ttest. Veh, vehicle; Dex, dexamethasone.
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